2. Develop a broader understanding of "propaganda" with your students by identifying the five basic techniques used in propaganda and advertising. Are any of these techniques used in these World War II posters?

• "bandwagon", persuading people to do something by letting them know others are doing it.
• "emotion", using words or images that will make you react very strongly about someone or something.
• "testimonial", using the words of a famous person to persuade you.
• "transfer", using the names or pictures of famous people, but not including direct quotations from them
• "repetition" - repeating a central idea or product name at least three or four times.

3. Compare the World War II posters with current public service announcements and military recruitment posters (such as the "Be all you can be!" recruiting ads for the Army, or government anti-smoking/anti-crime/anti-drug/drunk driving/gun control posters), What are the goals of these announcements? Who is their targeted audience? Which of the five "techniques" do these campaigns use? You can apply the same techniques and questions when studying any contemporary advertising materials.

4. Using old magazines, students can create their own World War II propaganda/advertising posters. Ask them to focus on one advertising technique, to find and cut out images and ads that display this technique, and to create a collage with these images.

5. As a vocabulary strategy, create a visual "Idea (Semantic) Map", beginning with the word "propaganda" in the center. Add the list of five basic techniques (transfer, repetition, emotion, bandwagon, testimonial); draw lines that connect each technique to the central word, "propaganda". Focus on one of these techniques - for example, "emotion"; ask students to identify different categories of emotion (such as fear, pride, anger, enthusiasm.) Add their responses to your Idea Map. Discuss with students how the World War II propaganda posters encourage emotional responses and actions.

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